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Advice from Lama Zopa Rinpoche
One of hundreds of buddha statues at Buddha Amitabha Pure Land, Washington, US, July 2015. Photo by Chris Majors.
A student was going through relationship problems and Lama Zopa Rinpoche offered some advice on how to think while experiencing them:
All the problems are very good because they purify negative karma accumulated in the past. All those difficulties and problems in your life purify past very heavy negative karmas collected in many past lifetimes. And, by purifying those, you will experience much happiness in the future like the sun shining. So, it’s positive.
Remember, you received so many teachings for a long time, and especially on Chöd practice. Chöd should be not just chanting, but practice, especially dealing with all these problems that you are experiencing, difficulties you can utilize as the quickest way to achieve enlightenment for yourself and then free the numberless sentient beings from oceans of samsaric suffering and bring them to peerless happiness, the state of omniscience.
[Contemplate:]Should even all the beings of the three realms without exception
Become angry at me, humiliate, criticize, threaten, or even kill me,
I seek your blessings not to be agitated, but to complete the perfection of patience
That works for their benefit in response to their harm.
There are also some teachings on patience I have given at Root Institute I will send you.
The essence is what is explained in Lama Chöpa:
Even if the environment and beings are filled with the fruits of negativity,
And unwished for sufferings pour down like rain,
I seek your blessings to take these miserable conditions as a path
By seeing them as causes to exhaust the results of my negative karma.
Please take time to think of the meaning.
Scribed by Ven. Sarah Thresher, Root Institute, Bodhgaya, India, March 2015. Edited by Mandala for inclusion on FPMT.org.
Learn more about Lama Zopa Rinpoche, spiritual director of the Foundation for the Preservation of Mahayana Tradition (FPMT), and Rinpoche’s vision for a better world. Sign up to receive news and updates.
Hundreds of tsa-tsas at Buddha Amitabha Pure Land, Washington, US, June 2015. Photo by Chris Majors.
A student completed Lama Zopa Rinpoche’s advice of accumulating 200,000 Vajrasattva mantras and wrote Rinpoche to let him know. Rinpoche responded with thanks and teachings on the power of bodhichitta:
My very dear, most precious, most kind, wish-fullfilling one,
Thank you a billion, million, zillion times for following my advice and doing a 200,000-Vajrasattva retreat and for now doing OM MANI PADME HUM. I’m sure that you must be doing it with a bodhichitta motivation to free sentient beings – numberless hell beings, hungry ghosts, animals, humans, suras and auras – from oceans of samsaric suffering and bring them to the state of omniscience, sangye, elimination of all the obscurations and completion of all the realizations. In that case, with each OM MANI PADME HUM and Vajrasattva mantra, you are purifying the obscurations created over beginningless rebirths and collecting more than skies of merit.
Lama Atisha said in the Lamp of the Path to Enlightenment, quoting the Sutra Requested by Pachin [verses 16-17]:
“If somebody offers buddha fields, buddha worlds, equaling the sand grains of the river Ganga (here, ‘equaling the number of sand grains of the river Ganga,’ when it talks about the benefits of bodhichitta, ‘the river Ganga’ doesn’t mean the Indian river Ganga, it means the Pacific Ocean, the sand grains of the Pacific Ocean) filled up with the seven different jewels like gold, diamonds, sapphires, etc., and offers that to the buddhas, but then somebody puts the palms together at the heart and simply generates bodhichitta, this offering is greater and it has no limit.”
What it is saying is, for example, if you offer buddha worlds filled with the seven different jewels equal to the number of sand grains in your hand, even that merit is beyond our understanding. We can’t figure that merit out. That is unbelievable, unbelievable – most unbelievable merit. Now, here, it is talking about buddha worlds equaling the number of sand grains of the Pacific Ocean filled up with seven different jewels, so there’s no way we can understand the merit. It’s amazing, amazing, amazing, amazing, amazing.
Now, somebody simply puts their hands at the heart and thinks: “May I achieve full enlightenment in order to free all the sentient beings from the oceans of samsaric suffering and bring them to a state of omniscience.” This creates more than skies of merit – much, much, much, greater than the previous example. The merit from the previous example becomes very small by comparison, even though it’s beyond our conception.
Therefore, you have so much to rejoice about in this life.
Thank you so much,
With much love and prayers,
Lama Zopa
Scribed by Ven. Sarah Thresher, Root Institute, Bodhgaya, India, March 2015. Edited by Mandala for inclusion on FPMT.org.
Learn more about Lama Zopa Rinpoche, spiritual director of the Foundation for the Preservation of Mahayana Tradition (FPMT), and Rinpoche’s vision for a better world. Sign up to receive news and updates.
One of hundreds of buddha statues in Lama Zopa Rinopche’s altar room at Buddha Amitabha Pure Land, Washington, US, July 2015. Photo by Chris Majors.
A student asked Lama Zopa Rinpoche a question:
I’m doing my best for my parents and family at this juncture, but we’re going through a very difficult time now. My dad’s business failed and has since chalked up a huge debt. He can’t afford to pay the debt; anytime now, once the bank seizes the property, we’ll be homeless. They are already in their late 60s, turning 70. I don’t think they can face the failure and take it in stride. I’m so sad and stressed out that I can’t do much for them. I’m watching over them for fear that they have suicidal thoughts.
Rinpoche responded:
My very dear, most precious, most kind, wish-fulfilling one,
I got your emails. If you tell your father that there is no need to commit suicide, that I dedicate all my merits to him and to the family, that’s like money, good karma, good luck. He should read, if he can, the Vajra Cutter Sutra three times. Also, I have made prayers. If you can, pass that message to your father, even though he doesn’t like Buddhism or Buddhists. But just pass along the message.
Courage is so important. Committing suicide when some problem comes and you don’t know how to deal with it comes from mental exaggeration. That’s a very ignorant thought that does not think about the next life, that does not allow one to think of the next life. There is continuation of consciousness. Even though the body stops, there’s a continuation of consciousness. Because we are born with suffering, that means there was life before this one. There was life before and this is the result of that life. There was suffering then, so there is suffering now. If the previous life were free from suffering, the oceans of samsaric suffering and their causes – delusion and karma – then in this life there would be no suffering, only ultimate happiness. So the suffering from beginningless lives goes back like this.
If it’s 100 percent certain you are going to go to a pure land or even a perfect human rebirth in the next life, it’s okay to die. But mostly we go to the hells, hungry ghost realm, or animal realm. The suffering there would be the greatest suffering. For example, compared to one small spark of hell fire – to describe how hot it is if it were up here – the entirety of fire from the human world put together, that hotness, is like falling snow or air conditioning. This is just an example of lower realm suffering, especially the hells. Wow, wow, wow, wow; you can’t imagine, you can’t imagine; you can’t imagine. How unbelievable it would be if you were born not in a major hell, but in a secondary one, the hell realm in lava.
So committing suicide is like deceiving yourself to immediately join with the heaviest suffering of the hells after this life. This life – even if you have those failures that are believed in in the West, that are made so much by attachment and delusion – is incredible peace. Committing suicide is like completely deceiving yourself with ignorance. Whenever suicidal thoughts come, the remedy is to think of reincarnation, the continuation of life.
With much love and prayers,
Lama Zopa
Scribed by Ven. Sarah Thresher, Root Institute, Bodhgaya, India, February 2015. Edited by Mandala for inclusion on FPMT.org.
Learn more about Lama Zopa Rinpoche, spiritual director of the Foundation for the Preservation of Mahayana Tradition (FPMT), and Rinpoche’s vision for a better world. Sign up to receive news and updates.
Lama Zopa Rinpoche teaching at a Minh Dang Quang Temple, a Vietnamese temple in Sydney Western suburbs of Sydney, Australia, June 2015. Photo by Ven. Roger Kunsang.
Lama Zopa Rinpoche wrote this letter to a student who had just become a nun:
My most dear, precious, kind, wish-fulfilling one,
Thank you for your kind email, I am sorry for the long delay.
You becoming a nun is unbelievable, unbelievable, unbelievable … thank you a billion, zillion times. Thank you very much. Try to know the vows and live in the vows – that is the foundation for all the path to enlightenment. That is the basis for the bodhisattva vows and the bodhisattva vows are the foundation for the tantric vows. The bodhisattva vows are to achieve enlightenment for numberless sentient beings, to free the numberless sentient beings from the oceans of samsaric suffering and bring them to full enlightenment. The tantric vows are to achieve full enlightenment as quickly as possible, even in one lifetime in degenerate times, and so you can enjoy life. This is the way to make life most happy and beneficial for all sentient beings.
Thank you very much.
With much love and prayers,
Lama Zopa
Scribed by Ven. Sarah Thresher, Root Institute, Bodhgaya, India, March 2015. Edited by Mandala for inclusion on FPMT.org.
Learn more about Lama Zopa Rinpoche, spiritual director of the Foundation for the Preservation of Mahayana Tradition (FPMT), and Rinpoche’s vision for a better world. Sign up to receive news and updates.
Lama Zopa Rinpoche at Lama Chopa Tsog offering in Buddha House, Australia, May 2015. Photo by Ven. Roger Kunsang.
A student wrote that she had cancer that was removed, but the surgeon said it had spread. The doctor advised getting chemotherapy. The student requested advice from Rinpoche on what she should do.
My most dear, most precious, most kind, wish-fulfilling one,
Sorry for the long delay. I checked your question and chemotherapy is very good. When you have treatment, every time when you take medicine, think that the purpose is to be able to benefit numberless sentient beings. This is what you should think even during normal times, whenever you do treatment or take medicine. That makes it – all the expenses – worthwhile.
With much love and prayers,
Lama Zopa
Scribed by Ven. Sarah Thresher, Root Institute, Bodhgaya, India, February 2015. Edited by Mandala for inclusion on FPMT.org.
Learn more about Lama Zopa Rinpoche, spiritual director of the Foundation for the Preservation of Mahayana Tradition (FPMT), and Rinpoche’s vision for a better world. Sign up to receive news and updates.
1000-Armed Chenrezig, Kachoe Dechen Ling, Aptos, California,November 2014. Photo by Chris Majors.
A student wrote Lama Zopa Rinpoche with a serious confession: “My forefathers have done very heinous sins, which is the major cause of suffering in our family now. My grandma’s father and his friends a long, long time ago killed a monk by forcibly driving him to jump into a river, where he drowned. That monk was passing our village to go back to Tibet after pilgrimage, but my grandma’s father and his friends stopped him on his way and took all his belongings and killed him. I am very ashamed to tell this story, but I have faith that I can stop all this suffering with the help of Rinpoche’s advice ….”
You need to do 10 x 100,000 [i.e., 1 million] OM MANI PADME HUMs urgently, not just to purify your negative karma, but also the negative karma of those who killed the monk and the whole family. Recite OM MANI PADME HUM without a distracted mind. Visualize 1000-Armed Chenrezig, huge like a mountain and radiating light. From Chenrezig beams of compassion are sent out to those family members who killed the monk, to yourself and to all your family. That’s the main thing. Then at the end of each mala, think that the beams purified all sentient beings: the numberless hell beings, numberless hungry ghosts, numberless animals, numberless humans, numberless suras and asuras. They all become Chenrezig, including your family members. As you recite OM MANI PADME HUM, mainly concentrate on your family: beams are continually emitted from Chenrezig, purifying them, and then at the end of each mala, think all sentient beings are purified and become Chenrezig. Then again, do purification; continue like that.
And if you can build one statue of 1000-Armed Chenrezig, the size should be 32 inches (80 cm), for the monk, those who killed the monk, the rest of the family and all sentient beings.
My mother used to do 50,000 mantras a day but when she was close to dying, one year before she died, she said she couldn’t do that much. Because she recited all those OM MANI PADME HUM mantras, she had more compassion than me, even though she couldn’t read even one letter because she didn’t know the Tibetan alphabet.
With much love and prayers,
Lama Zopa
Scribed by Ven. Sarah Thresher, Root Institute, Bodhgaya, India, March 2015. Edited by Mandala for inclusion on FPMT.org.
Learn more about Lama Zopa Rinpoche, spiritual director of the Foundation for the Preservation of Mahayana Tradition (FPMT), and Rinpoche’s vision for a better world. Sign up to receive news and updates.
Lama Zopa Rinpoche, Mahabodhi Stupa, Bodhgaya, India, March 2015. Photo by Andy Melnic.
In the past, a student of Lama Zopa Rinpoche killed his parents during a psychotic episode. Rinpoche gave him practice advice then and later the student wrote back, “These days, I do practice as you advised me to: Vajrasattva practice, prostrations to the 35 Buddhas, listening to the Sanghata Sutra, reading the Diamond Cutter Sutra. I also do Tara and the two mantras plus one hour and thirty minutes of meditation on the cushion. For the 35 Buddhas, I don’t do prostrations because of physical problems; I only do the recitation with my hands folded. Is that good enough? Also, I’m asking if I can practice tantra now or not.”
My most dear, most kind, most precious one,
One very good thing is that when you put your hands together to prostrate, visualize your body huge like a mountain range and think that you are prostrating with many bodies from all ten directions to the lam-rim merit field which has the 35 Buddhas there. Or, just to the 35 Buddhas. Or, even just to Buddha, but, the numberless direct and indirect lineage lamas; the numberless deities of four classes of tantra; the thousand buddhas of this fortunate eon; the bodhisattvas; the 16 Arhats and so forth; the dakas and dakinis and Dharma protectors are all in the Buddha whose essence is the guru. One is many and many are one. Then, visualize bodies filling all the Earth prostrating from all directions, huge bodies like a mountain range. If you have received the initiation of 1000-Armed Chenrezig, you can visualize that, if not, then just your ordinary body. If you visualize like that, you get the same merit as having done that many prostrations with that many bodies. This is specific advice from Lama Tsongkhapa – the way to collect the most extensive merit.
Regarding your question on tantra, any of the lower tantra initiations are OK. That’s very good. And I want to say billion, trillion, zillion times thanks now that you have no fear and your mind is developed and you are making your life most beneficial – especially most beneficial for your parents – not only to be free from the oceans of samsaric suffering, but also to achieve the peerless happiness of enlightenment. It is so good that you are inspiring others and also inspiring your psychiatrist to learn meditation. I wish that all the people in the world who create negative karma like this would change and make their lives better, more meaningful for those people who get killed.
With much love and prayers,
Lama Zopa
Scribed by Ven. Sarah Thresher, Root Institute, Bodhgaya, India, March 2015. Edited by Mandala for inclusion on FPMT.org.
Learn more about Lama Zopa Rinpoche, spiritual director of the Foundation for the Preservation of Mahayana Tradition (FPMT), and Rinpoche’s vision for a better world. Sign up to receive news and updates.
Lama Zopa Rinpoche, MAITRI Charitable Project, Bodhgaya, India, February 2015. Photo by Ven. Thubten Kunsang.
”We have achieved a lot in Dharma education and study,” Lama Zopa Rinpoche said in March 2015 while visiting Root Institute in India. “Now we have to put effort in attaining the path. I don’t mean just doing three-year retreat and counting a certain number of mantras, but attainment of the path through the lam-rim. Realizations don’t have to come from being in formal retreat. One can achieve them while working and studying with meditation on the lam-rim. One can be doing business and studying and meditating on the lam-rim. You can have a family and job and be meditating on the lam-rim. The main thing now is attainment.”
Scribed by Ven. Roger Kunsang. Edited by Mandala for inclusion on FPMT.org.
Learn more about Lama Zopa Rinpoche, spiritual director of the Foundation for the Preservation of Mahayana Tradition (FPMT), and Rinpoche’s vision for a better world. Sign up to receive news and updates.
The following prayers and practices are recommended in response to the devastating earthquake (and subsequent aftershocks) which hit Nepal April 25, 2015.
Lama Zopa Rinpoche leading prayers for all those affected by earthquake. April 26, 2015
Prayers & Practices for Controlling and Preventing Earthquakes
Kshitigarbha mantra y Buddha’s name mantra en Español
Prière de Kshitigarbha et mantra du nom du Bouddha en français
Kshitigarbha mantra and Buddha’s name mantra in Chinese
Prayers & Practices for Those Who Have Died Due to the Earthquake
You can also keep up on news related to the Nepal earthquake disaster or donate to the Nepal Earthquake Support Fund.
Students of Maitreya School listening to Lama Zopa Rinpoche, Root Institute, Bodhgaya, India, March 2015. Photo by Ven. Roger Kunsang.
In March 2015, Lama Zopa Rinpoche dictated this letter to the students of Maitreya School, Root Institute’s free school benefiting local impoverished children in Bodhgaya, India. Rinpoche wrote the letter after the school master explained that the main problem the children faced was parents drinking and fighting. Rinpoche asked that this letter be translated into Hindi, framed, put on the wall, and read and explained often to the students.
My most dear, precious, kind, wish-fulfilling children,
I understand the so-much suffering and problems at home: parents that drink so much alcohol without control and then fight all the time. That makes you all so sad. It can be also very, very scary. And it is not just one time, two times, three times; it is often. It might be like that for you.
Their problem is not only that they don’t have external, outside-world, general-world education, but that they don’t have inner education. The Sanskrit word for this is “Dharma.” And not just understanding Dharma, but practice and attainment, especially the attainments of patience, contentment, compassion and so forth. They do not have these qualities. They didn’t get to achieve these qualities and that’s because they never learned, because nobody explained.
We can see with the eyes their life problems – so much suffering and no happiness. This is a very good example for us. As you are young, you have to grow up in a positive way, not a negative way. It is so much suffering for them, but for you, seeing their life – the unbelievable suffering, fear and chaos – is great education. For you, it is great inspiration not to live your life like them. If you live life like them, soon you will grow up and will have to have a family; you will have children and so your life will be unbelievable suffering – fighting like them and drinking alcohol. Having a family is supposed to be a happiness, but with life so uncontrolled, there’s much fighting, sadness, fear, and so many other negative things. There are even things couples don’t have to fight about, but because of drinking, even if there is not so much reason to fight, they find small reasons to fight about and harm each other. All this happens every day. Not only you the wife or you the husband suffer, but it also bring so much suffering to your family, your children. Your life will become like this or worse.
Students circumambulating the stupa at Maitreya School, Root Institute, Bodhgaya, India, March 2015. Photo by Ven. Roger Kunsang.
Therefore, your life is in your hands; it’s up to your mind. If you develop compassion for others and wisdom, especially Dharma wisdom – inner wisdom, inner education – then as much as you develop those, you will have so much happiness. Even though your parents suffered so much, you will grow up with so much happiness. When you have a family and children, you will all have so much happiness. You won’t bring suffering to your family. By developing compassion to others and wisdom, this inner wisdom, you will bring so much happiness to yourself, your husband, your wife, your children. Then, your children will become a great example to their children. They will know what brings suffering, so they will not bring suffering to their children; they will bring happiness. Each generation becomes a great example of how to bring peace and happiness.
I want Maitreya School to help to bring peace and happiness, to bring wisdom light to life, not bring darkness, but to bring the sun – wisdom light – and as a result, bring peace and happiness. That is my real aim for the school. It is not just school. Even in the Western world there are kindergartens, colleges, universities where you can learn so many things, but the mind never changes. The mind, which produces happiness and suffering, never changes; and the mind is used only to produce suffering, not to produce happiness. That happens because developing compassion, the good heart and wisdom is limited.
Even though you are children, it is so important to practice kindness day and night, not to harm others, and on top of that, to benefit others. Even if you can’t benefit, at least pray and dedicate your merits for others to have happiness, harmony and the success of their wishes according to Dharma. This way, nothing becomes negative karma, negative action, but instead it becomes the cause of peerless happiness, total cessation of obscurations, and the completion of realizations.
Try, beginning in childhood, to practice the good heart, to be kind to others – and not only to people, but even to insects and animals. This way, you become a good human being by not harming others and only bringing greater and greater peace and happiness not only to yourself, but also to your family, society, country, and world. And you bring the same to the six types of living beings – hell beings, hungry ghosts, animals, human beings, suras, asuras – and intermediate state beings. Not only do you bring temporary happiness, but you bring ultimate happiness, like the sun shining. Show respect; treat others like yourself or more important than yourself. Of course, you need compassion and wisdom, otherwise, even if others have eyes, you make them blind – in other words, you cause suffering to others.
Thank you very much, with much love and prayer.
My sincere advice is to pray to His Holiness the Dalai Lama. He is Buddha in an ordinary human form that appears to us. Pray from the heart that your parents have peace, harmony, and no more fighting. Pray that they get Dharma happiness, the peerless happiness, cessation of obscurations, and the completion of all the realizations. Even praying sincerely to His Holiness can help. Don’t just pray only one time, no, pray every day. You need to pray all the time.
Transcribed by Ven. Sarah Thresher, Root Institute, March 2015. Edited by Mandala for inclusion on FPMT.org
Learn more about Lama Zopa Rinpoche, spiritual director of the Foundation for the Preservation of Mahayana Tradition (FPMT), and Rinpoche’s vision for a better world. Sign up to receive news and updates.
Lama Zopa Rinpoche making a request to His Holiness the Dalai Lama during the Jangchup Lamrim teachings, South India, December 2014. Photo by Bill Kane.
In early 2014, Lama Zopa Rinpoche translated this special quote from the Stainless Sky Sutra into English:
“Ananda, the Tathagatas do not appear to the sentient beings, but the virtuous friend completely appears and reveals the Dharma and plants the seed of liberation; because of that, cherish the virtuous friend as more special than the Tathagatas.”
Scribed by Ven. Sarah Thresher, Root Institute, Bodhgaya, India, February 19, 2014.
Lama Zopa Rinpoche is the spiritual director of the Foundation for the Preservation of Mahayana Tradition (FPMT), a Tibetan Buddhist organization dedicated to the transmission of the Mahayana Buddhist tradition and values worldwide through teaching, meditation and community service.
Ksitigarbha, Kachoe Dechen Ling, Aptos, California, US, November 2014. Photo by Chris Majors.
A student of Lama Zopa Rinpoche wrote: “The reason I’m writing is that I feel that I do not progress, I feel blocked, seemingly blocked by myself. I have clear moments where I have the motivation and plans for practicing, but always I seem to step back. Never progressing.”
My dear student,
What you explained in your letter is the same as myself – I plan to practice, but then it doesn’t happen.
All the problem is because of not having meditated well on impermanence and death. You should read Heart Spoon by Pabongka Rinpoche and other things on impermanence and death.
Think: “Today children died in their mother’s womb, even after the consciousness took place on the fertilized egg; other children died just after being born. Many young, middle-aged and old people also died. Not only those with cancer died. Many people are dying every day from car accidents, from heart attacks. People suddenly die in so many ways. Therefore, I could be dead at any time. Any year, any month, any week, even today, I could die. After death there are only two ways: rebirth in the lower realms or in the higher realms. There’s no third option.”
Like a waterfall or like waves on the ocean, negative karmas come one after another. It is difficult to practice pure Dharma, to create pure virtue. Many times things are done thinking they’re virtue, but they don’t become Dharma, even some [outwardly looking] Dharma practice.
Also, we don’t practice compassion; we don’t practice patience. Anger and heresy arise and destroy merit depending on who you get angry with. If a non-bodhisattva gets angry with a bodhisattva, they destroy 1,000 eons of merits from making offerings to Buddha and so forth for each second they get angry. If you get angry with a buddha – wow, wow, wow! It must be hundreds of thousands or millions of eons of merit that get destroyed. And then there is the guru, the most powerful object, more powerful than numberless buddhas. Giving rise to heresy or anger with the guru for even one second destroys so many eons of merit in that one second. Even Buddhists don’t pay attention to these practices of patience and compassion.
The other thing is that even if some Dharma practice that collects merit is done, if it’s not dedicated to enlightenment for sentient beings, it can be completely destroyed by anger, heresy, ill will and so forth. Even merit dedicated to achieve enlightenment for sentient beings, if it’s not sealed with emptiness, the merits become weaker. It needs to be sealed with emptiness. For example, if there is a huge rocky mountain, even if trucks take away many loads of dirt, the rest of the mountain is there.
Seal with emptiness by reciting the following dedication: “Due to all the past, present and future merits collected by me and those collected by numberless sentient beings and numberless buddhas, which do not exist from their own side at all but are totally empty, may the I, which does not exist from its own side but is totally empty, achieve the state of omniscient mind, which does not exist from its own side but is totally empty, and lead all the sentient beings, who do not exist from their own side but are totally empty from their own side, to that state of omniscient mind, which does not exist from it’s own side but is totally empty, by myself alone, who does not exist at all from its own side but is totally empty.”
With much love and prayer,
Lama Zopa Rinpoche
Scribed by Ven. Ailsa Cameron, Kopan Monastery, Nepal, December 2013. Lightly edited by Mandala for inclusion on FPMT.org.
Lama Zopa Rinpoche is the spiritual director of the Foundation for the Preservation of Mahayana Tradition (FPMT), a Tibetan Buddhist organization dedicated to the transmission of the Mahayana Buddhist tradition and values worldwide through teaching, meditation and community service.